Cheng Wu 程武

RecordsRomance Wei 정무

Profile
OccupationNStrategist · Army AdviserFactionWei
AppearsRNBiography in
BornNative placeDong Commandery Dong'e County Unverified
ExistenceHistoricalMentionsR1

Profile

Cheng Wu was the son of Cheng Yu of Wei. Chen Shou's main text leaves only a single line at the end of the Biography of Cheng Yu, saying that he succeeded his father and that on his death his son Cheng Ke succeeded him; it does not record his courtesy name, offices or deeds. Records, Wei 14 §20

The Romance brings him onstage in Chapter 92 as Army Adviser (canjun) to the Wei commander (dudu) Xiahou Mao. When Xiahou Mao, repeatedly defeated by Zhao Yun at Mount Fengming, said there was no one who could stand against him, Cheng Wu, saying that Zhao Yun had courage but no strategy, put forward a plan: set ambushes on both sides, fall back first to lure Zhao Yun out, and then direct the troops on all sides from the top of a hill to surround him in layer upon layer. Xiahou Mao surrounded Zhao Yun according to this plan, but Zhang Bao and Guan Xing broke in and rescued Zhao Yun. Romance, Ch. 92 §12–15 · 17 · 19–22

The assessment at the end of the volume does not discuss him. In the Romance his name appears in only one of the 120 chapters, Chapter 92, in a single passage, and no chapter has his name in its title. Records, Wei 14 §158Romance, Ch. 92 §14

In the Records

Cheng Wu's father Cheng Yu, courtesy name Zhongde, was a native of Dong'a County in Dong Commandery. When the state of Wei was founded he became Minister of the Guards and was later dismissed; when Emperor Wen took the throne he again became Minister of the Guards and was promoted to Marquis of Anxiang, and with an additional 300 households his fief came to 800 households in all. His youngest son Cheng Yan and his grandson Cheng Xiao were also separately enfeoffed as full marquises. Just as Cheng Yu was about to be raised to one of the Excellencies he died; the emperor shed tears, posthumously conferred on him the title of General of Chariots and Cavalry, and gave him the posthumous name Marquis Su. Records, Wei 14 §2 · 20

In Chen Shou's main text, the only place Cheng Wu's name appears is this single line at the end of the Biography of Cheng Yu: his son Cheng Wu succeeded Cheng Yu; when Cheng Wu died, his son Cheng Ke succeeded him; and when Cheng Ke died, his son Cheng Liang succeeded him. Cheng Wu's courtesy name, offices, deeds and year of death are not recorded, and the assessment at the end of the volume does not discuss him either. Records, Wei 14 §20 · 1–20 · 158

In the Romance

In Chapter 92 of the Romance, when Zhuge Liang led his army to Mianyang, the Wei ruler Cao Rui sent the imperial son-in-law Xiahou Mao to gather troops from the various routes of Guanzhong and resist him. Xiahou Mao made Han De, a great general of Xiliang who had come with 80,000 Western Qiang troops, his vanguard. But at Mount Fengming Zhao Yun came out alone, killed Han De's eldest son Han Ying and third son Han Qiong, knocked his fourth son Han Qi (韓琪) from his horse with his spear and captured his second son Han Yao alive, whereupon Han De fled back into his lines first and the Xiliang troops were badly defeated. Romance, Ch. 92 §1 · 4–8 · 11

Xiahou Mao came out leading his troops in person, but even Han De, who charged in vowing to avenge his four sons, died on Zhao Yun's spear in fewer than three bouts, and the Wei army fell back more than ten li and pitched camp. When Xiahou Mao deliberated with his generals through the night, asking what was to be done since no one could stand against Zhao Yun, the Army Adviser Cheng Wu, son of Cheng Yu, came forward and said that Zhao Yun had courage but no strategy and was not worth worrying about. He said that the next day the Commander should again lead the troops out, but should first lay two bodies of troops in ambush on both sides; on meeting in battle he should fall back first and lure Zhao Yun to where the ambush lay, then climb the hill and direct the troops on all sides to surround him in layer upon layer, and Zhao Yun could then be captured. Romance, Ch. 92 §12–14

Xiahou Mao followed his advice and gave Dong Xi and Xue Ze 30,000 troops each to lie in ambush on the left and the right. The next day the Wei general Pan Sui fled without fighting even three bouts, and eight generals, letting Xiahou Mao go first, fled one after another; Zhao Yun, riding his momentum, pushed deep into enemy ground, and Deng Zhi, who had few troops, could not rescue him. From the top of the hill Xiahou Mao directed the three armies, pointing east when Zhao Yun went east and west when he went west, so that Zhao Yun fought from the hour of chen in the morning until the hour of you in the evening and still could not break out. When night fell and crossbow bolts rained down from all sides, Zhao Yun sighed that, having refused to admit his age, he would now die in this place. Romance, Ch. 92 §15–19

Just then Zhang Bao, sent by the Chancellor, killed Xue Ze, who was blocking the way, and Guan Xing, having cut down Dong Xi whom he met on the battlefield, broke in and rescued Zhao Yun. That night the troops of the three routes attacked from both sides and routed the Wei army, and Xiahou Mao fled to Nan'an Commandery with more than a hundred brave officers of his headquarters and shut the city gates tight. After this the Romance does not bring Cheng Wu onstage again. Romance, Ch. 92 §19–23

Where the Romance differs

Office and deeds: In Chapter 92 of the Romance, Cheng Wu appears as Army Adviser to the Wei commander Xiahou Mao and puts forward an ambush plan to capture Zhao Yun. Chen Shou's main text records only that Cheng Wu succeeded his father Cheng Yu and then died, and does not record his offices or deeds. Romance, Ch. 92 §14Records, Wei 14 §20

The battle of Mount Fengming: In Chapter 92 of the Romance, following Cheng Wu's plan, Xiahou Mao surrounds Zhao Yun below the hill, and Zhao Yun escapes the encirclement only when Zhang Bao and Guan Xing break in. In the biographies of Zhuge Liang and Zhao Yun in Chen Shou's main text, the opponent whom Zhao Yun and Deng Zhi faced in the spring of the 6th year of Jianxing (228), when they held Ji Valley as a decoy force, was the Wei General-in-Chief Cao Zhen; Zhao Yun and Deng Zhi, whose troops were weak while the enemy was strong, suffered a setback at Ji Valley, but they gathered their men and held firm, so that it did not come to a great defeat. Neither the record of Xiahou Mao nor the Biography of Cheng Yu contains this battle or Cheng Wu's plan. Romance, Ch. 92 §14–21Records, Shu 5 §32Records, Shu 6 §41Records, Wei 9 §9–10Records, Wei 14 §1–20

Death and descendants: The Romance does not bring Cheng Wu onstage again after Chapter 92 and so records neither his death nor his descendants. Chen Shou's main text records that when Cheng Wu died his son Cheng Ke succeeded him, and when Cheng Ke died his son Cheng Liang succeeded him. Romance, Ch. 92 §14Records, Wei 14 §20

Written by 3KDEX (not yet reviewed) — The tags at the end of each paragraph link to the exact passage in the Records volume or Romance chapter it is based on.

Abilities

The Records score (Chen Shou’s Records of the Three Kingdoms, main text) is the baseline. Each ability compares how the Romance redrew the same person, and the evidence from both sources explains the difference.

LEASTRINTPOLCHAVIRADPSCHDIPDIS
Records (solid) vs Romance (dashed)
  • LEA3840+2
  • STR3331−2
  • INT4262+20
  • POL4238−4
  • CHA4038−2
  • VIR4245+3
  • ADP4245+3
  • SCH4040±0
  • DIP3840+2
  • DIS3840+2
Records · Romance scores and difference (Romance − Records · left = lowered by the Romance · right = raised)

Abilities shaped by the Romance — where it differs from the Records Differences of 10 or more

IntelligenceR42UnverifiedN62 +20

RNo direct record — only a record that he inherited the title of his father Cheng YuWei 14 §20

NDevised a plan to lure Zhao Yun out with ambushes on both sides and surround him, driving him into a cornerCh. 92 §14Ch. 92 §15Ch. 92 §19

9 similar abilities — show evidence
  • LeadershipR38UnverifiedN40Unverified +2

    RNo direct record — only a record that he inherited the title of his father Cheng YuWei 14 §20

    NNo direct record — estimated from his role as Army Adviser and son of Cheng YuCh. 92 §14

  • StrengthR33UnverifiedN31Unverified −2

    RNo direct record — only a record that he inherited the title of his father Cheng YuWei 14 §20

    NNo direct record — estimated from his role as Army Adviser and son of Cheng YuCh. 92 §14

  • PoliticsR42UnverifiedN38Unverified −4

    RNo direct record — only a record that he inherited the title of his father Cheng YuWei 14 §20

    NNo direct record — estimated from his role as Army Adviser and son of Cheng YuCh. 92 §14

  • CharismaR40UnverifiedN38Unverified −2

    RNo direct record — only a record that he inherited the title of his father Cheng YuWei 14 §20

    NNo direct record — estimated from his role as Army Adviser and son of Cheng YuCh. 92 §14

  • VirtueR42UnverifiedN45Unverified +3

    RNo direct record — only a record that he inherited the title of his father Cheng YuWei 14 §20

    NNo direct record — estimated from his role as Army Adviser and son of Cheng YuCh. 92 §14

  • AdaptabilityR42UnverifiedN45Unverified +3

    RNo direct record — only a record that he inherited the title of his father Cheng YuWei 14 §20

    NNo direct record — estimated from his role as Army Adviser and son of Cheng YuCh. 92 §14

  • ScholarshipR40UnverifiedN40Unverified ±0

    RNo direct record — only a record that he inherited the title of his father Cheng YuWei 14 §20

    NNo direct record — estimated from his role as Army Adviser and son of Cheng YuCh. 92 §14

  • DiplomacyR38UnverifiedN40Unverified +2

    RNo direct record — only a record that he inherited the title of his father Cheng YuWei 14 §20

    NNo direct record — estimated from his role as Army Adviser and son of Cheng YuCh. 92 §14

  • DiscernmentR38UnverifiedN40Unverified +2

    RNo direct record — only a record that he inherited the title of his father Cheng YuWei 14 §20

    NNo direct record — estimated from his role as Army Adviser and son of Cheng YuCh. 92 §14

Records Romance Unverified No direct record; scored from their actions (evidence grade C)

3KDEX scoring — the Records use the main text of Chen Shou’s Records of the Three Kingdoms; the Romance uses the 120-chapter Romance of the Three Kingdoms. Click a source tag to open that passage in the reader.

Romance chapters (1)

AppearsNot present Chapter list →

Allegiance history

  1. Wei · Romance · Romance ch. 92 「参军程武,乃程昱之子也」 · Q124452235

Family

ParentsCheng Yu Romance

Based on Wikidata items for the historical and Romance figures. Relations without the Unverified badge were also confirmed in the Records.