Qiao Guolao 喬國老

RecordsRomance 喬国老교국로乔国老

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Qiao Guolao is the father of the Two Qiaos (Daqiao and Xiaoqiao) who appears in Chapter 54 of the Romance, living at Nanxu. When Liu Bei arrives at Nanxu to marry Sun Quan's sister and first calls on him to pay his respects, Qiao Guolao promptly goes to Dowager Wu to congratulate her on the happy event and tells her of the marriage. He then urges Sun Quan to take Liu Bei as his son-in-law in earnest, meets Liu Bei together with the Dowager at Ganlu Temple and praises him, and at Liu Bei's request has the wedding hastened. Romance, Ch. 54 §26–27 · 32 · 36 · 48–49

The name Qiao Guolao does not appear in Chen Shou's main text. There is only one passage, in the Biographies of Zhou Yu, Lu Su and Lü Meng, Records of Wu 9, saying that when Sun Ce and Zhou Yu took Wan County they obtained the two daughters of Lord Qiao, and Sun Ce married Daqiao and Zhou Yu married Xiaoqiao; Lord Qiao's name, origin and deeds are not recorded, and the assessment at the end of the volume does not deal with him either. Records, Wu 9 §5–6 · 95

Under the name Qiao Guolao he appears in only one of the Romance's 120 chapters, Chapter 54, and his name is in no chapter title. Earlier, in Chapter 44 Zhuge Liang and in Chapter 48 Cao Cao call the father of the two daughters 'Lord Qiao'. Romance, Ch. 54 §26Romance, Ch. 44 §16–17Romance, Ch. 48 §12

In the Records

In Chen Shou's main text, Lord Qiao appears once, in the Biographies of Zhou Yu, Lu Su and Lü Meng, Records of Wu 9. When Sun Ce was about to take Jing Province, he made Zhou Yu Central Protector of the Army and had him also serve as Administrator of Jiangxia, and Zhou Yu followed Sun Ce in attacking Wan County and took it. At this time they obtained the two daughters of Lord Qiao, both of whom were the foremost beauties of the land. Sun Ce himself married Daqiao, and Zhou Yu married Xiaoqiao. Records, Wu 9 §5–6

Chen Shou's main text does not record Lord Qiao's name and courtesy name, his origin and offices, or his later deeds and death. The assessment at the end of the Biographies of Zhou Yu, Lu Su and Lü Meng does not deal with Lord Qiao either. Records, Wu 9 §1–30 · 95

In the Romance

In Chapter 44 of the Romance, Zhuge Liang tells Zhou Yu that Cao Cao has long heard it said that Lord Qiao of Jiangdong has two daughters, the elder Daqiao and the younger Xiaoqiao, and that he has sworn to obtain the two Qiaos of Jiangdong, place them on the Bronze Sparrow Terrace and enjoy his last years. He then urges Zhou Yu to go to Lord Qiao, buy the two daughters for a thousand pieces of gold and send them to Cao Cao. In Chapter 48, at a drinking party, Cao Cao says that in former days he was a very close friend of Lord Qiao and so knew that his two daughters were both the foremost beauties of the land, but that, unexpectedly, they were later married to Sun Ce and Zhou Yu. Romance, Ch. 44 §16–17Romance, Ch. 48 §12

In Chapter 54, in the 10th month, winter, of the 14th year of Jian'an (209), Liu Bei arrives at Nanxu with Zhao Yun and Sun Qian to marry Sun Quan's sister. Zhao Yun opens the first brocade bag given him by Zhuge Liang, gives instructions one by one to the 500 soldiers in the escort, and then has Liu Bei first go to call on Qiao Guolao. The Romance introduces Qiao Guolao as the father of the Two Qiaos, living at Nanxu. Liu Bei goes to pay his respects, leading sheep and carrying wine, and tells of how Lü Fan acted as go-between so that he is to take a wife. Romance, Ch. 54 §25–26

After meeting Liu Bei, Qiao Guolao promptly goes to Dowager Wu to congratulate her on the happy event, and asks why she is hiding it when her daughter has already been promised to Liu Xuande as his wife and Xuande has already arrived. When the Dowager, who knew nothing of the matter, rebukes Sun Quan, Qiao Guolao says that he himself has known of it for several days. When Sun Quan says that this is Zhou Yu's plan to seize Jing Province, Qiao Guolao says that even if they obtained Jing Province by this plan, they would be laughed at by everyone in the realm. He then urges that, since Imperial Uncle Liu is a kinsman of the house of Han, they had better take him as a son-in-law in earnest and spare themselves disgrace, and when Sun Quan worries that their ages may not be well matched, he says that Imperial Uncle Liu is a hero of the age, so the match would be no dishonor to Sun Quan's sister. The Dowager says she will see Liu Bei at Ganlu Temple the next day. Romance, Ch. 54 §27 · 29–33

Taking leave of the Dowager, Qiao Guolao returns home and sends someone to tell Liu Bei that the next day the Marquis of Wu and the Dowager mean to see him in person, so he should take great care. The next day, having taken his seat first in the abbot's quarters of Ganlu Temple together with the Dowager, Qiao Guolao congratulates the Dowager, who on seeing Liu Bei is overjoyed and says he is truly her son-in-law, saying that Xuande has the bearing of a dragon and a phoenix and the presence of the sun in the heavens, and that his benevolent virtue is spread throughout the realm. When the swordsmen and axemen lying in ambush in the corridors are discovered and the Dowager orders Jia Hua beheaded, Liu Bei intercedes and Qiao Guolao intercedes as well, and the Dowager scolds Jia Hua and sends him away. Romance, Ch. 54 §34 · 36 · 38–39

Sun Qian tells Liu Bei to entreat Qiao Guolao so that the wedding can be completed as soon as possible, and the next day Liu Bei goes to Qiao Guolao's house and says that many people in Jiangzuo wish him harm, so he fears he cannot stay long. Qiao Guolao tells him to set his mind at ease and says he will speak to the Dowager and have her protect him, and he goes in and tells the Dowager that Liu Bei, fearing that someone may harm him, wishes to hurry home. The Dowager, enraged, has Liu Bei moved into the study hall to stay and chooses a day to complete the wedding, and within a few days Lady Sun and Liu Bei are married. Qiao Guolao does not appear in the Romance after this. Romance, Ch. 54 §48–50

Where the Romance differs

Name and residence: Chapter 54 of the Romance calls him 'Qiao Guolao' and introduces him as the father of the Two Qiaos, living at Nanxu. Chen Shou's main text speaks only of 'the two daughters of Lord Qiao' and does not reveal Lord Qiao's name, origin or place of residence. Romance, Ch. 54 §26Records, Wu 9 §5

His daughters' marriages: In Chapter 48 of the Romance, Cao Cao only says that Lord Qiao's two daughters were later married to Sun Ce and Zhou Yu, and the circumstances of the marriages are not depicted. In Chen Shou's main text, when Sun Ce and Zhou Yu took Wan County they obtained the two daughters of Lord Qiao, and Sun Ce married Daqiao and Zhou Yu married Xiaoqiao. Romance, Ch. 48 §12Records, Wu 9 §5–6

Relations with Cao Cao: In Chapter 48 of the Romance, Cao Cao says that in former days he was a very close friend of Lord Qiao, and in Chapter 44 Zhuge Liang urges going to Lord Qiao, buying the two daughters for a thousand pieces of gold and sending them to Cao Cao. In Chen Shou's main text, Lord Qiao appears only in this one passage of the Biographies of Zhou Yu, Lu Su and Lü Meng, and there is no record that he knew Cao Cao. Romance, Ch. 48 §12Romance, Ch. 44 §17Records, Wu 9 §5–6

Liu Bei's marriage: In Chapter 54 of the Romance, Qiao Guolao tells Dowager Wu of the marriage, urges Sun Quan to take Liu Bei as his son-in-law in earnest, and at Liu Bei's request has the wedding hastened. The Biography of the Former Lord in the Records says only that Sun Quan, growing somewhat fearful of the Former Lord, gave him his sister in marriage to strengthen their friendship, and that the Former Lord went to Jing to see Sun Quan; Lord Qiao does not appear in this affair. Romance, Ch. 54 §27 · 32 · 48–49Records, Shu 2 §24

Written by 3KDEX (not yet reviewed) — The tags at the end of each paragraph link to the exact passage in the Records volume or Romance chapter it is based on.

Abilities

The Records score (Chen Shou’s Records of the Three Kingdoms, main text) is the baseline. Each ability compares how the Romance redrew the same person, and the evidence from both sources explains the difference.

LEASTRINTPOLCHAVIRADPSCHDIPDIS
Records (solid) vs Romance (dashed)
  • LEA3331−2
  • STR3131±0
  • INT4055+15
  • POL4038−2
  • CHA4550+5
  • VIR4560+15
  • ADP4855+7
  • SCH4042+2
  • DIP3872+34
  • DIS3855+17
Records · Romance scores and difference (Romance − Records · left = lowered by the Romance · right = raised)

Abilities shaped by the Romance — where it differs from the Records Differences of 10 or more

DiplomacyR38UnverifiedN72 +34

RNo direct record — only the record of his two daughters marrying Sun Ce and Zhou YuWu 9 §5

NMoved the Dowager to bring about the marriage and arranged protection for XuandeCh. 54 §27Ch. 54 §32Ch. 54 §49

DiscernmentR38UnverifiedN55 +17

RNo direct record — only the record of his two daughters marrying Sun Ce and Zhou YuWu 9 §5

NRecognized Xuande as a hero of the age with the bearing of a dragon and a phoenixCh. 54 §32Ch. 54 §36

IntelligenceR40UnverifiedN55 +15

RNo direct record — only the record of his two daughters marrying Sun Ce and Zhou YuWu 9 §5

NPointed out that winning Jing Province by a beauty trap would earn the realm's ridiculeCh. 54 §31

VirtueR45UnverifiedN60 +15

RNo direct record — only the record of his two daughters marrying Sun Ce and Zhou YuWu 9 §5

NOpposed the beauty trap as something that would make them a laughingstock of the realm, and also interceded against punishing Jia HuaCh. 54 §31Ch. 54 §39

6 similar abilities — show evidence
  • LeadershipR33UnverifiedN31Unverified −2

    RNo direct record — only the record of his two daughters marrying Sun Ce and Zhou YuWu 9 §5

    NNo direct record — estimated as an elder statesman, father of the Two QiaosCh. 54 §26

  • StrengthR31UnverifiedN31Unverified ±0

    RNo direct record — only the record of his two daughters marrying Sun Ce and Zhou YuWu 9 §5

    NNo direct record — estimated as an elder statesman, father of the Two QiaosCh. 54 §26

  • PoliticsR40UnverifiedN38Unverified −2

    RNo direct record — only the record of his two daughters marrying Sun Ce and Zhou YuWu 9 §5

    NNo direct record — estimated as an elder statesman, father of the Two QiaosCh. 54 §26

  • CharismaR45UnverifiedN50Unverified +5

    RNo direct record — only the record of his two daughters marrying Sun Ce and Zhou YuWu 9 §5

    NNo direct record — estimated as an elder statesman, father of the Two QiaosCh. 54 §26

  • AdaptabilityR48UnverifiedN55 +7

    RNo direct record — only the record of his two daughters marrying Sun Ce and Zhou YuWu 9 §5

    NOnce the matter came out, settled things by proposing to take him as a son-in-law in earnestCh. 54 §32

  • ScholarshipR40UnverifiedN42Unverified +2

    RNo direct record — only the record of his two daughters marrying Sun Ce and Zhou YuWu 9 §5

    NNo direct record — estimated as an elder statesman, father of the Two QiaosCh. 54 §26

Records Romance Unverified No direct record; scored from their actions (evidence grade C)

3KDEX scoring — the Records use the main text of Chen Shou’s Records of the Three Kingdoms; the Romance uses the 120-chapter Romance of the Three Kingdoms. Click a source tag to open that passage in the reader.

Romance chapters (3)

AppearsNot present Chapter list →

Family

ChildrenDaqiao Romance, Xiaoqiao Romance

Based on Wikidata items for the historical and Romance figures. Relations without the Unverified badge were also confirmed in the Records.