RNo direct record — estimated from his career as a general under Lü BuWei 7 §26
NRode out to avenge a comrade and was cut down by Yan Liang in a single boutCh. 25 §42
| Occupation | RNGeneral | Faction | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Appears | RN | Biography in | |
| Died | Place of death | NBaima County | |
| Cause of death | NKilled in battle Unverified | ||
| Existence | Historical | Mentions | R3 |
Wei Xu was a general under Lü Bu. He has no separate biography in the Records; his name appears only once each in the Annals of Emperor Wu and the Biography of Lü Bu, and his courtesy name, origin and offices are not recorded. Records, Wei 1 §49Records, Wei 7 §26
In the 3rd year of Jian'an (198), when Cao Cao surrounded Lü Bu at Xiapi and breached the Si and Yi Rivers to flood the city, and those above and below were divided in heart, Wei Xu, together with Hou Cheng and Song Xian, bound Chen Gong and surrendered at the head of their men. The Records does not record his later deeds or his death. Records, Wei 7 §25–26Records, Wei 1 §48–49
In the Romance he first appears in Chapter 11, at the battle of Puyang, as one of the stalwart generals under Lü Bu, and appears in 6 of its 120 chapters; there is no chapter with his name in the title. In Chapter 19, together with Song Xian and Hou Cheng, he ties up the sleeping Lü Bu and delivers him to Cao Cao, and in Chapter 25 at Baima he rides out to avenge Song Xian and is killed by Yan Liang in a single bout. Romance, Ch. 11 §48Romance, Ch. 19 §50–51Romance, Ch. 25 §41–42
In the 3rd year of Jian'an (198), when Lü Bu again sided with Yuan Shu and sent Gao Shun to defeat Liu Bei at Pei, Cao Cao (Taizu) sent Xiahou Dun to the rescue, but he was defeated by Gao Shun. In the 9th month Cao Cao personally campaigned east against Lü Bu, and in the 10th month he massacred Pengcheng and reached Xiapi. Lü Bu led his cavalry in person to meet the attack but was badly defeated; when he wanted to surrender, Chen Gong and others stopped him, asked Yuan Shu for help and had him go out to fight, but he was defeated again, and Lü Bu returned to the city and held it firmly. Records, Wei 7 §25Records, Wei 1 §48
As the fighting dragged on and his soldiers grew exhausted, Cao Cao wanted to withdraw, but, adopting the plan of Xun You and Guo Jia, he breached the Si and Yi Rivers to flood the city. The Annals of Emperor Wu record that after a month or so, Lü Bu's generals Song Xian, Wei Xu and others seized Chen Gong and surrendered the city, and Lü Bu and Chen Gong were taken alive and both put to death. Records, Wei 1 §49
The Biography of Lü Bu explains the reason as follows. Lü Bu was brave and fierce but lacked strategy and was suspicious and jealous, so he could not control his own followers and relied solely on his generals; the generals each harboured different intentions and distrusted one another, and so they were often defeated in battle. When Cao Cao dug trenches and besieged him for three months, those above and below were divided in heart, and Lü Bu's generals Hou Cheng, Song Xian and Wei Xu bound Chen Gong and surrendered at the head of their men. Lü Bu climbed the White Gate Tower with his followers, and when the siege pressed hard he came down and surrendered. Records, Wei 7 §26
The captured Lü Bu asked Cao Cao to give him command of the cavalry, saying that pacifying the realm would then not be hard, but when Liu Bei reminded Cao Cao of how Lü Bu had served Ding Yuan and Dong Zhuo, Cao Cao had Lü Bu strangled. Chen Shou's main text does not record what became of Wei Xu after the surrender, or when and how he died. Records, Wei 7 §26–27Records, Wei 1 §49
In Chapter 11 of the Romance, Lü Bu, drawn up for battle on the plain at Puyang, places Zhang Liao and Zang Ba on either side, and each of these two generals leads three stalwart generals of his own; Wei Xu is named among these six together with Song Xian and Hou Cheng. When Cao Cao, having seized the western camp at dusk, is driven off around daybreak by Lü Bu's relief force and flees, Wei Xu pursues him together with Gao Shun and Hou Cheng. Romance, Ch. 11 §47–48 · 52–53
In Chapter 16, when Lü Bu decides to marry his daughter to Yuan Shu's son, Wei Xu and Song Xian set out with the daughter, accompanying Yuan Shu's envoy Han Yin. In the same chapter the two, on Lü Bu's orders, buy more than 300 fine horses in Shandong, but on the way back half are seized at the border of Pei County, and they report that on inquiry it was Liu Bei's younger brother Zhang Fei, disguised as a bandit, who seized them. Furious at this, Lü Bu storms into Xiaopei, and when Liu Bei and his party flee by the north gate at night, Song Xian and Wei Xu, who block their way, are driven back by Zhang Fei. Romance, Ch. 16 §27 · 31–32 · 36
In Chapter 17, when Yuan Shu invades by seven routes, Wei Xu goes out with Song Xian to Jieshi to hold off Chen Lan, and in Chapter 18 he goes west with Song Xian to attack Runan and Yingchuan. In Chapter 19, as Cao Cao approaches Xu Province, Lü Bu has Song Xian and Wei Xu guard his wife and children, money and provisions and move them to Xiapi. Romance, Ch. 17 §11Romance, Ch. 18 §23Romance, Ch. 19 §13
In Chapter 19, with Xiapi flooded and surrounded, when Hou Cheng is flogged for brewing wine, Wei Xu goes with Song Xian to visit him and says, 'The army surrounds the city walls and water encircles the moat; we have not long to live.' When Song Xian suggests abandoning Lü Bu and fleeing, Wei Xu says that is not what a true man would do and that they should rather capture Lü Bu and present him to Lord Cao. That night, when Hou Cheng steals the horse Red Hare and comes to the east gate, Wei Xu opens the gate to let him out and pretends to give chase. Romance, Ch. 19 §45–48
The next day Lü Bu rebukes Wei Xu for letting Hou Cheng slip away and losing his war horse, and means to punish him, but while holding off the attack of Cao Cao's army he falls asleep in the gate tower. After Song Xian steals his halberd, he and Wei Xu bind Lü Bu with ropes, and Wei Xu shouts, 'We have taken Lü Bu alive!' Brought to the White Gate Tower, Lü Bu sees Hou Cheng, Wei Xu and Song Xian standing by and says that he did not treat them poorly, so how could they bear to betray him. Romance, Ch. 19 §50–52
At the battle of Baima in Chapter 25, Cao Cao sends out Lü Bu's former general Song Xian, but Song Xian is cut down by Yan Liang in fewer than three bouts. Wei Xu says, 'He has killed my comrade; I will go and avenge him,' takes up a spear, rides out and berates Yan Liang, but after a single bout he is struck from his horse by Yan Liang's blade and dies. Xu Huang, who goes out next, is also beaten after twenty bouts and returns. Romance, Ch. 25 §40–42
Range of appearances: In the Records, Wei Xu's name appears only in the passage about binding Chen Gong and surrendering at Xiapi. The Romance brings him on many times, from the battle of Puyang in Chapter 11, through the marriage and the horse incident in Chapter 16 and the sorties in Chapters 17–18, to the battle of Baima in Chapter 25. Romance, Ch. 11 §48Romance, Ch. 16 §31Romance, Ch. 17 §11Romance, Ch. 25 §42Records, Wei 1 §49Records, Wei 7 §26
The seized horses: In Chapter 16 of the Romance, Wei Xu and Song Xian report that Zhang Fei seized the horses they had bought in Shandong, and Lü Bu attacks Xiaopei. The Biography of the Former Lord in the Records says only that when Liu Bei returned to Xiaopei and again gathered over 10,000 troops, Lü Bu resented this and attacked him in person; there is no seizing of horses. Romance, Ch. 16 §31–32Records, Shu 2 §13
What prompted the surrender: In Chapter 19 of the Romance, the flogging of Hou Cheng prompts Wei Xu, Song Xian and Hou Cheng to plot together, and Hou Cheng steals Red Hare and leaves. The Biography of Lü Bu in the Records states that after three months of siege those above and below were divided in heart and the generals surrendered, and there is no story of a flogging or of Red Hare. Romance, Ch. 19 §45–48Records, Wei 7 §26
Who was bound: In Chapter 19 of the Romance, Wei Xu and Song Xian tie up the sleeping Lü Bu and hand him over, while Chen Gong flees to the south gate and is captured by Xu Huang. In the Records, the man whom Hou Cheng, Song Xian and Wei Xu bound was Chen Gong, and Lü Bu climbed the White Gate Tower with his followers and came down and surrendered when the siege pressed hard. Romance, Ch. 19 §50–51Records, Wei 7 §26Records, Wei 1 §49
Words at the White Gate Tower: In Chapter 19 of the Romance, Lü Bu asks Hou Cheng, Wei Xu and Song Xian, standing beside him, how they could bear to betray him. In the White Gate Tower scene in the Biography of Lü Bu in the Records, Lü Bu only asks Cao Cao to give him command of the cavalry and calls Liu Bei the least trustworthy of men; he says nothing to Wei Xu and the others. Romance, Ch. 19 §52Records, Wei 7 §26–27
Death: In Chapter 25 of the Romance, Wei Xu goes out to avenge Song Xian and is killed by Yan Liang at Baima. In the battle of Baima as recorded in the Annals of Emperor Wu and the biography of Guan Yu in the Records, Wei Xu does not appear, and Yan Liang was cut down by Guan Yu. The Records does not record Wei Xu's death. Romance, Ch. 25 §41–42Records, Wei 1 §60–61Records, Shu 6 §4Records, Wei 7 §26
Written by 3KDEX (not yet reviewed) — The tags at the end of each paragraph link to the exact passage in the Records volume or Romance chapter it is based on.
The Records score (Chen Shou’s Records of the Three Kingdoms, main text) is the baseline. Each ability compares how the Romance redrew the same person, and the evidence from both sources explains the difference.
RNo direct record — estimated from his career as a general under Lü BuWei 7 §26
NRode out to avenge a comrade and was cut down by Yan Liang in a single boutCh. 25 §42
RNo direct record — estimated from his career as a general under Lü BuWei 7 §26
NNo direct record — estimated from his leading 10,000 men with Song XianCh. 17 §11Ch. 16 §36
RNo direct record — estimated from his careerWei 7 §26
NProposed capturing Lü Bu and handing him over instead of fleeingCh. 19 §47
RNo direct record — estimated from his careerWei 7 §26
NNo direct record — estimated from his errands buying horsesCh. 16 §31
RNo direct record — estimated from his careerWei 7 §26
NNo direct record — estimated from his careerCh. 19 §47
RWhen the siege dragged on, bound Chen Gong with Hou Cheng and Song Xian and surrenderedWei 7 §26Wei 1 §49
NStole the sleeping Lü Bu's halberd, bound him and handed the city to Cao CaoCh. 19 §50
RWhen three months of siege divided those above and below, went over to Cao Cao at the head of his menWei 7 §26Wei 1 §49
NSwitched sides, saying they had not long to live, but died recklessly challenging Yan LiangCh. 19 §47Ch. 25 §41
RNo direct record — estimated from his careerWei 7 §26
NNo direct record — estimated from his careerCh. 19 §47
RNo direct record — estimated from his careerWei 7 §26
NNo direct record — estimated from his careerCh. 19 §47
RNo direct record — estimated from his careerWei 7 §26
NNo direct record — estimated from his careerCh. 19 §47
Records Romance Unverified No direct record; scored from their actions (evidence grade C)
3KDEX scoring — the Records use the main text of Chen Shou’s Records of the Three Kingdoms; the Romance uses the 120-chapter Romance of the Three Kingdoms. Click a source tag to open that passage in the reader.
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Includes automatic matching from Wikipedia infoboxes and source keywords (unverified).