RBefriended Emperor Wen through his literary talent and received his letter on the men of lettersWei 21 §33Wei 21 §20
NNo direct record — estimated from the title Chief of ZhaogeCh. 72 §32
| Occupation | RGeneral · General Who Spreads Awe NOfficial · Chief of Zhaoge | Faction | Wei |
|---|---|---|---|
| Appears | RN | Biography in | Book of Wei |
| Born | R? Unverified | Native place | Jiyin Commandery |
| Died | R230 Unverified | Place of death | |
| Existence | Historical | Mentions | R16 |
Wu Zhi was a man of Jiyin who, thanks to his literary talent, was on good terms with Emperor Wen, Cao Pi. While he was Prefect of Yuancheng, Emperor Wen sent him a letter assessing one by one the writings of the men of letters who had all died at once in an epidemic. Records, Wei 21 §33 · 20–21
After Emperor Wen ascended the throne, Wu Zhi commanded the army of Hebei as General of the Household of the North; he rose to General Who Spreads Awe, was granted the tally and made Commander of All Military Affairs in Hebei, and was enfeoffed as a full marquis. When Hu Zong of Wu forged letters of surrender in his name and spread them, he had already gone to court and become Palace Attendant. Records, Wei 24 §10Records, Wei 21 §33Records, Wu 17 §19 · 33
Chen Shou appended only a few lines about him in Records of Wei 21 and said nothing separately about him in the volume's assessment. In the Romance he appears only in Chapter 72, that is, in 1 of its 120 chapters, and his name is in no chapter title. He is portrayed as the Chief of Zhaoge whom Cao Pi hides in a large bamboo basket and brings into his residence. Records, Wei 21 §32–33 · 99Romance, Ch. 72 §32
Wu Zhi was a man of Jiyin. Chen Shou appended him to the Biographies of Wang, Wei, the Two Lius and Fu in Records of Wei 21, writing only that thanks to his literary talent he was on good terms with Emperor Wen, that he rose to General Who Spreads Awe, was granted the tally and made Commander of All Military Affairs in Hebei, and that he was enfeoffed as a full marquis. Records, Wei 21 §32–33
After Xu Gan, Chen Lin, Ying Chang and Liu Zhen (劉楨) died in the 22nd year of Jian'an (217), Emperor Wen sent a letter to Wu Zhi, Prefect of Yuancheng, saying that in the previous year an epidemic had spread, many relatives and friends had met with calamity, and the four men had all passed away at once. In this letter Emperor Wen said that Xu Gan alone combined literary grace with substance and had written the Zhonglun in more than twenty chapters, worthy of being handed down to later generations, and that it was a grievous pity Ying Chang had not fulfilled his fine aspirations; he also assessed one by one Chen Lin's memorials, Liu Zhen's vigour, Ruan Yu's letters and Wang Can's rhapsodies. Records, Wei 21 §20–21
After Emperor Wen ascended the throne, Wu Zhi, General of the Household of the North, commanded the army of Hebei. At this time Cui Lin, who had become Inspector of You Province, had not been in touch with him from the start, so Wang Xiong, Administrator of Zhuo Commandery, told Cui Lin's Attendant Officer that General Wu was an honoured minister of the state whom the sovereign held close and valued, who held the tally and commanded affairs, so that there was no province or commandery that did not send letters to pay him respect, and asked whether, if Wu Zhi had him beheaded on the ground that the frontier fortifications were not kept in repair, the Inspector could protect him. Cui Lin did not comply, saying that this province bordered the barbarians and should be kept calm by quietness; within a year the raids of the bandits had subsided, but because he had not served his superior he was demoted to Administrator of Hejian. Records, Wei 24 §10–11
After Sun Quan moved down to make Jianye his capital, some of the defectors from Wei said that Wei's Commander of Hebei, Wu Zhi, General Who Spreads Awe, was under considerable suspicion. Thereupon Hu Zong of Wu forged three letters of surrender in Wu Zhi's name. In the letters Wu Zhi says that he had formerly been on close terms with the Cao house, outwardly as lord and subject but inwardly like flesh and blood, but that after the head of the Cao house died and a young heir took charge of the government, slander arose and he was falsely accused of intending to rebel. Records, Wu 17 §19 · 23–24
The letters also offered a plan: if Wu sent its troops in by the Huai and Si rivers and occupied Xiapi, he would sweep south from Hebei like rolling up a mat; and they said that some three thousand horses could be obtained from those the Qiang and Hu drove out in the third and fourth months. By the time this writing circulated, Wu Zhi had already gone to court and become Palace Attendant. Records, Wu 17 §30–31 · 33
In Chapter 72 of the Romance, when Cao Cao consults with others and intends to make his third son Cao Zhi his heir, Cao Pi learns of it and secretly invites Wu Zhi, Chief of Zhaoge, into his residence to consult him. Fearing that others will notice, he hides Wu Zhi inside a large bamboo basket, says only that it contains bolts of silk, and has it carried into the residence on a cart. Yang Xiu learns of this and goes straight to report it to Cao Cao, and Cao Cao has men watch the gate of Cao Pi's residence. Romance, Ch. 72 §31–32
When the flustered Cao Pi tells him, Wu Zhi says there is nothing to worry about, and tells him to fill a large bamboo basket with silk the next day and send it in again to confuse them. Cao Pi does so, the envoys search the basket and find that it is indeed silk, and Cao Cao, suspecting from this that Yang Xiu is slandering Cao Pi, hates him all the more. The Romance says that Cao Cao, already harbouring the intention to kill Yang Xiu, had him killed on the charge of unsettling the army's morale. Romance, Ch. 72 §32–33 · 35
The bamboo basket episode: In Chapter 72 of the Romance, Cao Pi hides Wu Zhi in a large bamboo basket to bring him into his residence, and Wu Zhi foils Yang Xiu's accusation with a basket of silk. This episode is in neither Chen Shou's record of Wu Zhi in the main text nor the Biography of Cao Zhi, Prince Si of Chen. Romance, Ch. 72 §32–33Records, Wei 21 §32–33Records, Wei 19 §11–65
His relationship with Cao Pi: The Romance portrays Wu Zhi as the man Cao Pi secretly consults about the position of heir. The main text of Chen Shou says that Wu Zhi was on good terms with Emperor Wen thanks to his literary talent and records that Emperor Wen sent him a letter assessing the writings of the deceased men of letters, but it does not record anything he did in the struggle over the succession. Romance, Ch. 72 §32Records, Wei 21 §20–21 · 33
Offices: Chapter 72 of the Romance calls Wu Zhi Chief of Zhaoge. The main text of Chen Shou does not record the post of Chief of Zhaoge; it says that he was Prefect of Yuancheng when he received Emperor Wen's letter and commanded the army of Hebei as General of the Household of the North after Emperor Wen ascended the throne, and records that he rose to General Who Spreads Awe, was granted the tally and made Commander of All Military Affairs in Hebei, was enfeoffed as a full marquis, and later became Palace Attendant. Romance, Ch. 72 §32Records, Wei 21 §20 · 33Records, Wei 24 §10Records, Wu 17 §33
His later career: In the Romance, Wu Zhi appears only in this scene in Chapter 72. In the Records, when word reached Wu that Wu Zhi, in charge of the army of Hebei, was under suspicion in Wei, Hu Zong of Wu forged three letters of surrender in his name and spread them. Romance, Ch. 72 §32–33Records, Wu 17 §19 · 33
Written by 3KDEX (not yet reviewed) — The tags at the end of each paragraph link to the exact passage in the Records volume or Romance chapter it is based on.
The Records score (Chen Shou’s Records of the Three Kingdoms, main text) is the baseline. Each ability compares how the Romance redrew the same person, and the evidence from both sources explains the difference.
RBefriended Emperor Wen through his literary talent and received his letter on the men of lettersWei 21 §33Wei 21 §20
NNo direct record — estimated from the title Chief of ZhaogeCh. 72 §32
RCommanded the armies of Hebei as General Who Spreads AweWei 21 §33Wei 24 §10
NNo direct record — only the title Chief of ZhaogeCh. 72 §32
RNo direct record — estimated from his careerWei 21 §33
NHad a basket of silk sent in again, defeating Yang Xiu's accusationCh. 72 §32Ch. 72 §33
RAll the provinces and commanderies sent letters to pay him respectWei 24 §10
NNo direct record — only the title Chief of ZhaogeCh. 72 §32
RNo direct record — estimated from his career as a generalWei 21 §33
NNo direct record — only the title Chief of ZhaogeCh. 72 §32
RNo direct record — estimated from his career commanding HebeiWei 24 §10
NNo direct record — only the title Chief of ZhaogeCh. 72 §32
RNo direct record — estimated because his record is briefWei 21 §33
NNo direct record — the record of secretly discussing the succession with Cao PiCh. 72 §32
RGrew close to Emperor Wen and became a minister the sovereign valuedWei 21 §33Wei 24 §10
NSided with Cao Pi and got past the danger of discoveryCh. 72 §32Ch. 72 §33
RNo direct record — estimated from his careerWei 21 §33
NNo direct record — only the title Chief of ZhaogeCh. 72 §32
RNo direct record — estimated from his careerWei 21 §33
NNo direct record — only the title Chief of ZhaogeCh. 72 §32
Records Romance Unverified No direct record; scored from their actions (evidence grade C)
3KDEX scoring — the Records use the main text of Chen Shou’s Records of the Three Kingdoms; the Romance uses the 120-chapter Romance of the Three Kingdoms. Click a source tag to open that passage in the reader.
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